Yes, according to the theory of special relativity, time can pass at different rates for two objects that are moving relative to each other. This phenomenon is known as time dilation.
When two objects are moving relative to each other, their clocks will appear to tick at different rates. Specifically, if two observers are in relative motion, each observer will measure the other's clock to be ticking slower than their own.
This effect is a consequence of the principles of special relativity, which state that the speed of light is constant for all observers. As objects move closer to the speed of light, time for those objects slows down relative to a stationary observer.
The time dilation experienced between two objects in relative motion is relatively small at everyday speeds. However, as objects approach velocities close to the speed of light, the effect becomes more pronounced. This time dilation has been confirmed experimentally through various experiments, including high-precision atomic clocks flown on airplanes and satellites.
It's important to note that the observed time dilation is always relative to a particular frame of reference. Each observer will perceive the other's clock to be slower than their own, and both perspectives are valid from their respective frames of reference.
In summary, when two objects are moving relative to each other, time passes at different speeds for each object, with the moving object experiencing time dilation relative to the stationary object.