The duration of daylight and nighttime varies throughout the year due to the tilt of the Earth's axis and its orbit around the Sun. The primary factors that cause days to be longer than nights during certain periods are the seasons and the latitude at which you are located.
The Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbit around the Sun, causing different parts of the Earth to receive varying amounts of sunlight at different times of the year. During the summer season in the hemisphere tilted towards the Sun, the days are longer than the nights.
When it is summer in the northern hemisphere, for example, the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun. As a result, sunlight is spread over a larger area, and the northern hemisphere experiences longer daylight hours. Conversely, during winter in the northern hemisphere, the North Pole is tilted away from the Sun, leading to shorter daylight hours and longer nights.
At the equator, days and nights are generally of equal length throughout the year due to the relatively minimal variation in sunlight received. In contrast, the closer you move towards the poles, the more significant the difference becomes between the lengths of days and nights.
The specific duration of daylight and nighttime also depends on the latitude. The farther you move from the equator towards the poles, the more pronounced the variation in daylight hours becomes. For example, locations near the Arctic Circle may experience extremely long days during the summer months (known as the "Midnight Sun") and long nights during winter (known as the "Polar Night").
In summary, the tilt of the Earth's axis and its orbit around the Sun, along with the latitude and the seasons, are the primary factors that cause days to be longer than nights during specific times of the year.