In a vacuum, such as outer space, light travels at a constant speed of approximately 299,792,458 meters per second, which is often rounded to 300,000 kilometers per second or about 186,282 miles per second. This speed is commonly denoted as "c" in scientific equations and represents the maximum speed at which information or signals can propagate in the universe.
According to the theory of special relativity proposed by Albert Einstein, the speed of light in a vacuum is considered to be the same for all observers regardless of their relative motion. This means that the speed of light is constant and independent of the motion of the source of light or the observer.
Since the speed of light is constant and always the same relative to any observer, it does not have a "relative velocity" when compared to any object. No matter how fast an object is moving relative to another observer, the speed of light will always be measured as the same value by both observers.
As for the direction of light, it travels in straight lines known as rays or photons. These photons move in all directions, spreading out from their source in a spherical manner. When light encounters a medium, such as an atmosphere or a lens, it may change direction due to refraction, but in a vacuum, it travels in a straight line.