In conventional physics, time is typically measured with respect to velocity (speed) rather than distance. This is because velocity incorporates the concept of both distance and time, as it represents the rate of change of an object's position over a given time interval.
The measurement of time is fundamentally based on the comparison of durations or intervals. We commonly use clocks and other timekeeping devices to measure time intervals. These devices are designed to track the passage of time by counting regular, repetitive processes, such as the oscillations of a quartz crystal or the vibrations of an atomic system.
Distance, on the other hand, is a measure of the extent of space between two points. While distance can be used to calculate the time it takes for an object to travel a certain distance at a given velocity, it is not directly used as a reference for measuring time itself.
That being said, in certain specialized areas of physics, such as cosmology, the concept of "cosmic distance" is considered when discussing the expansion of the universe and the measurement of cosmological timescales. In these contexts, the distance between celestial objects, such as galaxies, is taken into account to estimate the time it took for light or other signals to travel between them.
However, this usage of distance as an indirect measure of time is specific to cosmological models and not applicable to everyday terrestrial physics or the measurement of time in most contexts. In general, time is more commonly measured or quantified through the consideration of velocity, periodic processes, or the behavior of clocks.