Yes, matter and energy are indeed interchangeable, as described by Albert Einstein's famous equation, E = mc². This equation states that energy (E) is equal to the mass (m) of an object multiplied by the speed of light (c) squared. It demonstrates the equivalence between mass and energy. In other words, mass can be converted into energy and vice versa.
This concept was a revolutionary discovery in physics, and it forms the basis for understanding nuclear reactions, such as those that occur in the Sun or in nuclear power plants. In these reactions, a small amount of mass is converted into a large amount of energy, following Einstein's equation.
Regarding time and space, in the theory of general relativity, developed by Einstein, the concepts of time and space are intertwined to form a four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. According to this theory, the fabric of spacetime is not a fixed and absolute backdrop but is influenced by the presence of matter and energy. Objects with mass and energy cause spacetime to curve or warp, affecting the motion of other objects within it.
In this sense, time and space are interconnected, and their relationship is described by the theory of relativity. Spacetime can be thought of as a unified entity where the geometry of space and the flow of time are intertwined. The theory of relativity also predicts that the passage of time can be influenced by the presence of mass and motion.
However, it's important to note that while matter and energy, as well as time and space, are interconnected and related through the laws of physics, they are distinct concepts. They cannot be directly interchanged or transformed into one another, but rather they influence and affect each other in various ways.