Argon, symbolized by the atomic symbol Ar, has a total of 8 valence electrons. It belongs to the noble gas group in the periodic table, specifically Group 18 or Group 8A. Noble gases have full electron shells, and in the case of argon, its electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶, meaning it has a total of 8 valence electrons.