No, voltage alone cannot separate electrons from shells inside the valence shell. The arrangement of electrons within an atom is determined by the energy levels, or shells, they occupy. These energy levels are defined by the atomic structure and the specific distribution of electrons around the nucleus.
Voltage, or electric potential difference, is the driving force that can cause the movement of electrons in a conductor or a circuit. However, it does not have the ability to directly separate electrons from the inner shells or energy levels of an atom.
In a chemical or physical process, such as ionization or excitation, external energy can be supplied to an atom to promote electrons to higher energy levels or to completely remove them from the atom. This process requires specific energy levels to be reached or exceeded, typically through the absorption of photons or collisions with other particles.
For example, in the case of ionization, where an atom loses one or more electrons to become an ion, a significant amount of energy is required to overcome the electrostatic attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. This energy can be provided by processes such as heat, light, or collisions with other particles, but it is not solely achieved through voltage.
In summary, while voltage plays a crucial role in the movement of electrons within conductors and circuits, it does not directly separate electrons from shells inside the valence shell of an atom. The separation of electrons from inner shells or energy levels requires specific energy interactions beyond the influence of voltage.