In the normal state, the valency of the sulfur (S) element is typically 2. This means that in chemical compounds, sulfur tends to form two covalent bonds with other elements. Sulfur has six valence electrons in its outermost energy level (3s²3p⁴), and it can gain two additional electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration.
However, in the excited state, sulfur can undergo an energy transition where one or more of its electrons are promoted to a higher energy level. This promotion occurs when the electron absorbs energy, such as through the absorption of light or heat. The excited state of sulfur can vary depending on the specific energy transition that occurs.
When sulfur is in the excited state, its valency may change as well. The exact valency of sulfur in the excited state will depend on the specific conditions and the nature of the energy transition. It could potentially form more than two bonds or exhibit different bonding behaviors compared to its normal state.
It's important to note that the valency of an element can vary depending on the specific compound or reaction it is involved in. Valency is a property that describes the combining power of an element, and it can change depending on the circumstances.