The characteristic impedance and propagation velocity between two points in a transmission line can be calculated using the following formulas:
Characteristic Impedance (Z0): Z0 = √(L/C) where L is the inductance per unit length of the transmission line and C is the capacitance per unit length of the transmission line.
The values of L and C depend on the physical properties of the transmission line, such as the geometry and the dielectric material used.
Propagation Velocity (v): v = 1/√(LC) where L and C have the same meanings as in the characteristic impedance formula.
The propagation velocity represents the speed at which electrical signals propagate along the transmission line.
It's important to note that these formulas assume a lossless transmission line and do not account for any losses or non-idealities in the line. In practice, the actual characteristic impedance and propagation velocity can be affected by factors such as resistive losses, dielectric losses, and frequency-dependent effects. These factors may require additional considerations and calculations to obtain accurate values in real-world scenarios.