According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics, it is not possible to simultaneously know the precise position and velocity (momentum) of a particle, such as an atom, with arbitrary accuracy. The uncertainty principle states that there is a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties can be known.
In the case of position and velocity, the more accurately we try to measure one of these properties, the less accurately we can know the other. This means that the more precisely we determine the position of an atom, the less we know about its velocity, and vice versa. This inherent trade-off is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics.
The uncertainty principle is not a limitation of measurement technology but a fundamental principle of nature. It arises from the wave-particle duality of quantum objects and the probabilistic nature of their behavior. At the atomic and subatomic scale, particles exhibit wave-like properties, and their properties are described by wave functions that contain inherent uncertainties.
Therefore, we cannot be conscious of the exact position and velocity of an atom simultaneously. The uncertainty principle sets a fundamental limit on our knowledge of these properties, and our understanding is based on probabilities and statistical predictions rather than precise determinism.