Yes, light from space can penetrate and be visible through water to a certain extent, depending on the properties of the water and the depth of observation. The ability of light to pass through water is influenced by factors such as the clarity, color, and turbidity of the water, as well as the wavelength of the light itself.
In clear, transparent water, light can travel through considerable depths before being absorbed or scattered. As light passes through water, it undergoes absorption by water molecules and particles suspended in the water, which gradually reduces its intensity and changes its color. Water absorbs longer-wavelength colors (such as red and orange) more readily than shorter-wavelength colors (such as blue and green). Consequently, as you descend deeper into water, the colors that remain visible shift towards the blue end of the spectrum.
At shallower depths, such as in coastal areas or relatively clear bodies of water, light from space can penetrate and provide illumination. This is why we can often see the reflection of the Sun or Moon on the water's surface. However, as you go deeper, the amount of light decreases significantly, and at certain depths, it becomes too faint for human eyes to perceive.
In very turbid or murky water, with high levels of suspended particles or algae, light penetration is greatly reduced, limiting visibility. In such cases, the water may appear quite dark even at shallow depths.
It's worth noting that specialized equipment, such as underwater cameras or remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), can be used to capture images and videos of underwater environments where natural light is limited. These devices often employ artificial lighting systems to enhance visibility and capture clearer footage.