The Moon reflects sunlight, including both light and heat, but it doesn't retain heat in the same way that the Earth does. The main reason for this is the difference in the composition and physical properties of the Moon's surface compared to Earth's.
When sunlight reaches the Moon, its surface reflects a significant portion of the light back into space, making the Moon appear bright. However, unlike the Earth, the Moon lacks a substantial atmosphere and has no liquid water or significant amounts of heat-retaining materials such as oceans and dense vegetation. As a result, the Moon's surface doesn't have the capacity to store and retain heat like the Earth does.
On Earth, the atmosphere plays a crucial role in trapping heat through a process called the greenhouse effect. The gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, absorb and re-emit heat energy, effectively trapping it near the surface. This is why Earth's temperatures can vary significantly between day and night or between seasons.
On the Moon, without a substantial atmosphere, there is no mechanism for trapping heat. So, when sunlight falls on the lunar surface, it warms up, but the heat is quickly radiated back into space since there is no atmosphere or heat-trapping mechanism to retain it. As a result, the Moon's surface can experience extreme temperature variations, with extremely hot temperatures during the lunar day and extremely cold temperatures during the lunar night.
Therefore, while the Moon reflects sunlight and appears bright, it doesn't retain heat in the same way that the Earth does due to its lack of atmosphere and heat-retaining materials.