The sensitivity of the human eye to different colors of light is determined by the distribution of photoreceptor cells, particularly the cones, in the retina. Cones are responsible for color vision, and they are most sensitive to three primary colors of light: red, green, and blue. These cones have peak sensitivities at different wavelengths:
Red cones (also known as L cones): They are most sensitive to longer wavelengths of light, around 564-580 nanometers.
Green cones (also known as M cones): They are most sensitive to medium wavelengths of light, around 534-545 nanometers.
Blue cones (also known as S cones): They are most sensitive to shorter wavelengths of light, around 420-440 nanometers.
Overall, the sensitivity of the human eye to different colors of light depends on the relative activation of these three types of cones. It's important to note that while the cones are responsible for color vision, rods, which are more sensitive to low light levels, primarily contribute to black-and-white vision and are not as sensitive to specific colors.