In a double-slit experiment, the particles, such as electrons or photons, interact with the material forming the slits, but the extent of this interaction depends on the specifics of the experiment and the nature of the particles involved.
If we consider a typical double-slit experiment using light, where the slits are created by passing the light through narrow openings in an opaque barrier, the particles (photons) do interact with the material forming the slits. However, the interaction is usually minimal and does not significantly affect the interference pattern observed on the screen beyond the slits. The light passes through the slits and diffracts, leading to an interference pattern characteristic of wave-like behavior.
For experiments involving electrons, the interaction with the material forming the slits can have a more significant impact. Electrons have a smaller wavelength compared to visible light, so the size and material of the slits become more relevant. The electrons can scatter off the atoms or molecules in the slit material, leading to a loss of coherence and affecting the interference pattern. The interaction with the material can cause the electrons to lose energy or change direction, potentially disrupting the interference pattern observed.
To minimize the interaction between particles and the material forming the slits, experimental setups aim to use materials and configurations that minimize scattering effects. For example, thin metallic foils with very narrow slits can be used for electron experiments to reduce interactions.
In summary, particles in a double-slit experiment do interact with the material forming the slits to some extent. The significance of this interaction depends on the specific experimental setup, the nature of the particles, and the characteristics of the slit material. Researchers strive to minimize these interactions to observe the interference effects associated with wave-like behavior.