Quantum field uncertainty and the phenomenon of wave-particle duality are separate concepts in quantum mechanics. While diffraction and uncertainty principles are related, they are not directly responsible for wave-particle duality.
Wave-particle duality is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, which states that particles can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties depending on the experimental setup. This means that particles such as electrons or photons can behave as discrete particles in some experiments and as waves in others. The wave nature of particles is often observed in phenomena like interference and diffraction.
The uncertainty principle, on the other hand, is a fundamental principle in quantum mechanics that relates to the limitations in the simultaneous measurement of certain pairs of physical properties, such as position and momentum, or energy and time. It states that there is an inherent uncertainty in the values of these properties, and the more precisely one property is measured, the less precisely the other can be known.
While both wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle are consequences of quantum mechanics, they arise from different aspects of the theory. The uncertainty principle is more directly related to the limitations in our knowledge of physical properties, while wave-particle duality is a manifestation of the wave-like behavior of quantum particles.
Regarding your statement about spacetime, it is important to note that quantum field theory, which describes the behavior of quantum fields and particles, is formulated within the framework of spacetime. Spacetime provides the background structure for the dynamics of quantum fields and the propagation of particles. However, the principles of uncertainty and wave-particle duality are fundamental to the behavior of particles at the quantum level, irrespective of the underlying spacetime structure.