Light exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, which is known as the wave-particle duality of light. This duality is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics.
When considering the wave nature of light, it can be described as an electromagnetic wave. This wave nature is characterized by properties such as interference, diffraction, and polarization. Light waves can exhibit behaviors like the superposition of waves, which leads to phenomena such as interference patterns.
On the other hand, when examining the particle nature of light, it is described as a stream of discrete packets of energy called photons. Photons are massless particles that carry energy and momentum. They can interact with matter as individual particles, and their energy is quantized according to Planck's constant.
The wave-particle duality of light was established through various experiments, such as the double-slit experiment and the photoelectric effect. These experiments demonstrated that light can display wave-like behaviors, such as interference, as well as particle-like behaviors, such as the emission and absorption of discrete energy packets.
In summary, light is neither purely a wave nor purely a particle, but rather it possesses properties of both waves and particles, depending on the experimental context and the phenomena being observed. The dual nature of light is a fundamental aspect of quantum physics.