In the context of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, the additional waves that are referred to are not physical waves in the traditional sense. They are mathematical waves added to the wave function of a particle in order to describe its position more precisely.
The wave function of a particle in quantum mechanics represents the probability distribution of finding the particle in different states, including its position. The uncertainty principle states that there is a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties, such as position and momentum, can be known simultaneously.
To obtain a narrow peak in the wave function that corresponds to a more localized position, one needs to add waves with shorter wavelengths. These waves have higher frequencies and thus carry more momentum. However, adding shorter wavelength waves means adding higher-energy waves, and this can lead to an increase in uncertainty in the particle's momentum.
In other words, if you try to confine the position of a particle to a small region by adding waves with shorter wavelengths (higher momentum), the momentum of the particle becomes less certain. This is the trade-off described by Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle.
So, the additional waves added to the particle's wave function are not physical waves from other particles or light waves. They are mathematical components used to represent the uncertainty associated with the particle's position and momentum. The uncertainty principle arises from the wave-like nature of particles in quantum mechanics and is a fundamental aspect of the theory.