Photons, as elementary particles of light, exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. The wave-particle duality is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, stating that particles can exhibit characteristics of both waves and particles depending on how they are observed or interacted with.
The behavior of photons can be described by their wavefunctions, which represent the probability distribution of finding the photons in different states. For photons with long wavelengths, such as radio waves or microwaves, their wave nature becomes more pronounced, and their behavior is often described in terms of classical wave phenomena, like interference and diffraction.
However, it's important to note that even for photons with long wavelengths, their particle-like properties can still be observed in certain situations. For example, the photoelectric effect, where photons can cause the ejection of electrons from a material, demonstrates the particle-like behavior of photons.
Regarding your alternatives, it's important to clarify a few points:
Superluminal non-locality: According to our current understanding of physics, information and causal influences cannot propagate faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. Superluminal non-locality, where particles would have interactions or correlations that exceed the speed of light, is not supported by current scientific knowledge.
Non-instantaneous wave function collapse: The collapse of the wavefunction is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. When a measurement is made on a quantum system, the wavefunction "collapses" to one of the possible eigenstates corresponding to the measurement outcome. The collapse is typically assumed to be instantaneous in most interpretations of quantum mechanics, although the exact mechanism and nature of wavefunction collapse are still debated.
In summary, photons with long wavelengths exhibit more pronounced wave-like behavior, but they still possess particle-like properties that can be observed in certain situations. The alternatives you proposed, such as superluminal non-locality or non-instantaneous wavefunction collapse, are not currently supported by our understanding of physics.