In the context of wave-particle duality, it's more accurate to say that particles and waves are different manifestations or aspects of the underlying quantum entity.
Particles and waves are not separate entities causing each other, but rather they are two complementary descriptions that capture different aspects of the behavior of quantum objects. The wave-like behavior of quantum entities, such as photons or electrons, is described by a mathematical framework called the wavefunction, which represents the probability distribution of finding the particle at different locations or with different properties. The wavefunction evolves according to the laws of quantum mechanics, including wave-like phenomena such as interference and diffraction.
On the other hand, when we perform measurements or observations, the properties of the particle become more well-defined and localized. This is referred to as the collapse of the wavefunction, where the wave-like description "collapses" into a specific outcome or measurement result, giving the appearance of a particle with definite properties.
So, particles and waves are not independent causes and effects. Instead, they are two different aspects or descriptions of quantum entities, with the wave-like behavior describing their probabilistic nature and the particle-like behavior arising when specific measurements or observations are made. The exact nature of this duality is still a topic of ongoing research and philosophical debate in quantum mechanics.