Superposition and wave-particle duality are related concepts in quantum physics, but they are not exactly the same thing.
Superposition refers to a fundamental principle in quantum mechanics where a quantum system can exist in multiple states simultaneously. In other words, if a system can be described by multiple possible states, it can exist in a superposition of those states. This superposition is represented mathematically by a linear combination of the individual states, with coefficients known as probability amplitudes.
For example, in the famous double-slit experiment, a particle can exist in a superposition of passing through both slits at the same time, resulting in an interference pattern on the detection screen. This superposition of states is a distinct characteristic of quantum mechanics and is not directly observed in classical physics.
On the other hand, wave-particle duality refers to the idea that particles, such as electrons or photons, can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior, depending on the experimental setup. This duality was first proposed by Louis de Broglie and later confirmed by experiments like the Davisson-Germer experiment and the photon diffraction experiments.
Wave-particle duality suggests that particles can exhibit wave-like properties, such as interference and diffraction, as well as particle-like properties, such as localized detection at a specific point. The wave-like behavior is described by the wave function, which evolves according to the Schrödinger equation, while the particle-like behavior is manifested when the wave function collapses upon measurement.
In summary, superposition refers to the ability of quantum systems to exist in multiple states simultaneously, whereas wave-particle duality refers to the coexistence of wave-like and particle-like properties in quantum entities. Superposition is a broader concept that encompasses the idea of wave-particle duality.