No, the wave-particle duality is not a consequence of the theory of relativity. The wave-particle duality is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics, which is a separate theory that describes the behavior of particles at the microscopic level. While both quantum mechanics and relativity are important theories in physics, they address different phenomena and operate within different frameworks.
In quantum mechanics, the wave-particle duality arises from the mathematical formalism of the theory itself. The wavefunction, which describes the state of a particle, can exhibit wave-like behavior and interference patterns. However, when a measurement is made, the wavefunction collapses to a specific value, corresponding to a particle being observed at a particular position or with a particular property. This collapse of the wavefunction is known as the measurement problem in quantum mechanics and is not directly related to the effects predicted by the theory of relativity.
Relativity, on the other hand, is a theory that describes the behavior of objects in the presence of strong gravitational fields or when moving at speeds close to the speed of light. It deals with concepts such as spacetime, time dilation, length contraction, and the constancy of the speed of light.
While it is true that the theory of relativity can have profound effects on our understanding of waves and particles, such as the relativistic addition of velocities or the correction of energy and momentum at high speeds, it does not directly explain or derive the wave-particle duality of quantum mechanics.
The wave-particle duality is a unique feature of the quantum world, and while the interpretation of the wavefunction can be challenging, it is ultimately a fundamental concept that has been extensively tested and confirmed by experiments.