In quantum mechanics, particles can be described as both waves and particles, depending on the context and the type of experiment being conducted. This duality is a fundamental aspect of quantum theory.
At the most fundamental level, particles, such as electrons or photons, are described by wave-functions, which are mathematical representations that capture the probabilities of finding a particle in different states or locations. These wave-functions exhibit wave-like properties, such as interference and superposition, which are characteristic of waves.
However, when we interact with particles in experiments or observations, we often observe them as localized entities with definite positions and distinct properties, similar to classical particles. This is known as the particle-like behavior of particles. For example, in a particle detector, we typically observe discrete "particle-like" interactions.
The wave-particle duality implies that particles possess both wave-like and particle-like characteristics. The behavior of particles can be described by their wave-functions, which exhibit wave-like behavior when not observed or interacting, but can be localized and exhibit particle-like behavior when measured or detected.
It's important to note that the interpretation of this duality is a subject of ongoing debate and different interpretations exist. Some interpretations view particles as having an objective wave-particle nature, while others propose that the wave-particle duality is a result of our measurement or observational processes.
In summary, particles in quantum mechanics can be described as both waves and particles. They exhibit wave-like properties in their underlying wave-functions and can exhibit particle-like behavior when observed or detected. The wave-particle duality is a fundamental aspect of quantum theory and is an active area of research and interpretation.