Light exhibits both particle-like and wave-like properties, depending on the context and the experiment being conducted. This duality of light is known as wave-particle duality.
In certain experiments and observations, light behaves as a wave. It exhibits characteristics such as interference, diffraction, and polarization, which are typically associated with waves. For example, when light passes through a narrow slit or around an obstacle, it creates an interference pattern and undergoes diffraction, much like water waves or sound waves.
On the other hand, in other experiments, light behaves as a particle. These particles of light are called photons. Photons carry discrete amounts of energy and momentum and can be detected individually. The photoelectric effect and the Compton effect are examples of phenomena that support the particle nature of light.
It's important to note that the wave-particle duality is not exclusive to light but applies to other particles as well, such as electrons and other subatomic particles. This duality is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics, which describes the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic level.
In summary, light can exhibit both particle-like and wave-like behavior, depending on the circumstances, and it is best understood as having a dual nature.