Spring washers, also known as disc springs or Belleville washers, have a wave-like shape that allows them to provide a flexible buffering effect under load. The wave-like shape of the spring washers gives them unique mechanical properties that enable them to absorb and distribute the load in a controlled manner. Here's how their shape contributes to their function:
Elasticity: The wave-like shape of spring washers provides them with elasticity. When a load is applied, the washer flattens and compresses. The waves of the washer are designed to deform and flex under load, storing potential energy in the process.
Axial deflection: The wave-like shape allows the spring washer to deflect axially when compressed. This deflection helps to compensate for minor variations in the applied load or any settling that may occur during the life of the assembly. It ensures that the washer maintains contact and pressure, even under dynamic conditions.
Increased load capacity: The shape of the spring washer allows it to support higher loads compared to regular flat washers of the same size. The waves distribute the load over a larger surface area, reducing the pressure on individual points. This distribution of load helps prevent damage or excessive stress concentration at specific points.
Damping effect: The wave-like shape provides a damping effect by absorbing and dissipating energy as the washer flexes. This damping action helps to reduce vibrations, shocks, and noise in mechanical systems, providing a buffering effect under load.
Controlled tension: Spring washers can also be used to provide a controlled tension or pre-load in bolted assemblies. The elasticity of the washer allows it to exert a constant force on the fastener, compensating for any loosening or settling that may occur over time.
Overall, the wave-like shape of spring washers enables them to act as flexible buffers under load. They provide elasticity, axial deflection, increased load capacity, damping, and controlled tension, making them useful in various applications where vibration, shock, or preload control is required.