In quantum mechanics, particles and probability waves are two interconnected concepts that describe the behavior of subatomic particles.
Particles: In classical physics, particles are thought of as discrete objects with definite positions and velocities. However, in the quantum realm, particles are described by wavefunctions, which are mathematical functions that contain information about the particle's position, momentum, and other observable properties. The wavefunction of a particle evolves over time according to the Schrödinger equation, which determines how the probability distribution of finding the particle at different positions changes with time.
Probability Waves: Probability waves, also known as wavefunctions, are mathematical representations that describe the probability distribution of finding a particle in different states. The square of the wavefunction, known as the probability density, gives the probability of finding the particle at a particular position. The wavefunction can exhibit wave-like properties, such as interference and superposition, which are fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. The wave nature of the probability wave allows for phenomena like diffraction and the creation of interference patterns.
It's important to note that the wavefunction itself is not directly observable. When a measurement is made on a quantum system, the wavefunction "collapses" to a specific state corresponding to the measured observable. The result of the measurement is one of the possible outcomes according to the probability distribution described by the wavefunction.
In summary, particles in quantum mechanics are described by wavefunctions, which are probability waves that determine the likelihood of finding a particle at different positions or exhibiting certain properties. The wavefunction represents the particle's state and evolves over time, while the square of the wavefunction gives the probability density distribution of finding the particle at different positions.