The Doppler effect affects both sound waves and light waves, but it does not imply that light is composed of particles in the same way sound waves are composed of oscillating particles in a medium. The behavior of light is best described by the theory of electromagnetic waves.
In the case of sound waves, they require a medium, such as air, water, or solids, to propagate. Sound waves are mechanical waves that involve the oscillation of particles in the medium. When an object emitting sound waves moves relative to an observer, the motion affects the relative velocity between the observer and the sound source, resulting in a shift in the perceived frequency of the sound due to the Doppler effect.
On the other hand, light is an electromagnetic wave and does not require a medium to propagate. It can travel through vacuum as well as through various mediums like air, water, or glass. The behavior of light is described by Maxwell's equations and the theory of electromagnetism. The Doppler effect for light is caused by the relative motion between the source of light and the observer, which leads to a shift in the frequency or wavelength of the light waves.
The nature of light is more accurately described by quantum theory, where it is considered both a wave and a particle, known as a photon. In certain experiments, light exhibits particle-like behavior, such as the photoelectric effect or the behavior observed in particle detectors. However, the wave-particle duality of light does not imply that light is composed of particles in the same way that sound waves are composed of particles in a medium.
In summary, the Doppler effect affects both sound waves and light waves, but it does not imply that light is composed of particles like sound waves in a medium. The behavior of light is best described by the theory of electromagnetic waves and the concept of wave-particle duality in quantum theory.