The organized chart of elements arranged in increasing atomic numbers and grouped by changes in chemical and physical properties is known as the periodic table. The periodic table provides a systematic way of organizing the known elements based on their atomic number, which represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. The elements are arranged in rows called periods and columns called groups or families.
In the periodic table, elements with similar properties are placed in the same group. This arrangement allows for the identification of trends and patterns in the properties of elements as you move across a period or down a group. Elements in the same group tend to have similar chemical properties, while elements in the same period exhibit trends in atomic size, ionization energy, electronegativity, and other properties.
The modern periodic table consists of 118 elements, with the first 92 occurring naturally and the remaining elements being synthesized in laboratories. The periodic table is an essential tool in chemistry and provides a foundation for understanding the behavior and relationships of elements in various chemical reactions and physical phenomena.