Yes, electromagnetic waves can be affected by gravity. According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, gravity is not just a force between masses but rather a curvature of space and time caused by the presence of mass and energy. This curvature can influence the path of light and other electromagnetic waves. When light or electromagnetic waves pass through regions of strong gravitational fields, such as near massive objects like stars or black holes, their paths can be bent or distorted. This phenomenon is known as gravitational lensing, and it has been observed and studied in various astronomical observations.
As for radioactive decay rates, gravity does not directly affect them. Radioactive decay is a process that occurs at the atomic and subatomic level, involving the spontaneous transformation of unstable atomic nuclei into more stable configurations. It is governed by the fundamental forces within the atomic nucleus, namely the strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force. Gravity, on the other hand, is a much weaker force and does not directly influence the rates of radioactive decay.
However, it's worth noting that extreme gravitational conditions, such as those near extremely massive objects like black holes, can have indirect effects on the processes that lead to radioactive decay. The intense gravitational fields near black holes can cause extreme pressures, temperatures, and other physical conditions that can potentially affect nuclear reactions. These conditions are highly specialized and not applicable to everyday scenarios.
In most ordinary circumstances, gravity does not play a significant role in altering the rates of radioactive decay. The decay rates of radioactive substances are typically considered to be constant and unaffected by gravitational forces.