No, not all forms of electromagnetic radiation require a material medium to propagate. Electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays, can travel through a vacuum, such as empty space, without the need for a material medium.
This is one of the fundamental properties of electromagnetic waves. They consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that can propagate through empty space, transferring energy from one location to another. This behavior is different from mechanical waves, such as sound waves or water waves, which require a physical medium to travel through.
While some forms of electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves, can also propagate through materials like air, water, or solid objects, they are not dependent on a material medium for their existence or propagation. Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum at the speed of light, which is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second.