Lap winding and wave winding are two different methods used in the construction of armature windings in electrical machines, such as DC generators and motors. These methods determine the arrangement and connection of the coils in the armature.
- Lap Winding: Lap winding is a method in which the winding coils are connected in parallel. In this arrangement, each coil covers only one pole pitch. The winding starts from one side of the armature core and progresses to the other side, forming multiple parallel paths. The end of one coil is connected to the start of the next coil, creating a parallel connection.
Advantages of Lap Winding:
- High current carrying capacity due to parallel paths.
- Suitable for machines that require high currents, such as DC motors used in heavy industries.
- Low voltage drop due to shorter coil lengths.
Disadvantages of Lap Winding:
- Requires a large number of turns and conductors.
- Complex construction and winding process.
- High copper losses due to the presence of more conductors.
- Wave Winding: Wave winding is a method in which the winding coils are connected in series. In this arrangement, each coil covers more than one pole pitch. The winding progresses in a wave-like pattern, with the end of one coil connecting to the start of the next coil.
Advantages of Wave Winding:
- Requires fewer turns and conductors compared to lap winding.
- Simple construction and winding process.
- Suitable for high voltage machines, such as generators used in power plants.
Disadvantages of Wave Winding:
- Lower current carrying capacity due to series connection.
- Higher voltage drop due to longer coil lengths.
- Unsuitable for high-current applications.
The choice between lap winding and wave winding depends on the specific requirements of the electrical machine. Lap winding is commonly used in applications where high current and low voltage drop are crucial, while wave winding is suitable for applications that prioritize high voltage and simplicity of construction.