There are various celestial objects that emit different types of electromagnetic radiation across the spectrum. Here are some examples for each category you mentioned:
X-rays:
X-ray binaries: These are binary star systems where one of the stars is a compact object, such as a neutron star or a black hole, which accretes matter from its companion. As the matter falls onto the compact object, it releases X-rays.
Supernova remnants: When a massive star explodes in a supernova, the ejected material interacts with the surrounding interstellar medium, producing shock waves that heat the gas to high temperatures and generate X-rays.
Ultraviolet:
Hot, young stars: Massive, young stars emit a significant amount of ultraviolet radiation. Their high surface temperatures cause them to emit UV light.
Quasars: Quasars are active galactic nuclei with supermassive black holes at their centers. The accretion disk around the black hole emits intense ultraviolet radiation.
Infrared:
Dust clouds: Interstellar dust, consisting of tiny solid particles, absorbs visible light and re-emits it as infrared radiation. Dust clouds, such as those found in star-forming regions, are strong infrared emitters.
Cool stars: Cool stars, like red dwarfs, emit a significant portion of their radiation in the infrared range. Their lower temperatures cause them to peak in the infrared part of the spectrum.
Radio waves:
Pulsars: Pulsars are highly magnetized, rotating neutron stars that emit beams of radio waves. These beams can be detected as periodic signals on Earth.
Radio galaxies: Active galaxies, such as radio galaxies, have powerful jets of charged particles emanating from their central black holes. These jets emit strong radio waves.
Gamma rays:
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs): GRBs are extremely energetic explosions associated with the collapse of massive stars or the merger of compact objects like neutron stars. They release intense bursts of gamma-ray radiation.
Active galactic nuclei (AGN): AGNs, including quasars, emit gamma rays due to the processes occurring near their supermassive black holes. High-energy particles are accelerated in jets, leading to gamma-ray emission.
It's worth noting that many celestial objects emit radiation across a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum, but the examples provided focus on the specific types you mentioned.