A ray of visible light does not "avoid interference" in the sense of actively avoiding collisions or interactions. Rather, the behavior of light can be described by two different but complementary models: the particle-like behavior of photons and the wave-like behavior of electromagnetic waves.
According to the wave model of light, visible light is an electromagnetic wave that propagates through space. When light encounters an obstacle or encounters a change in medium, it can exhibit phenomena such as diffraction, refraction, and interference. These wave phenomena arise from the interaction of light waves with the surrounding environment.
Interference occurs when two or more light waves overlap and combine. Depending on the phase relationship between the waves (the alignment of their crests and troughs), interference can lead to constructive interference (amplification of the wave) or destructive interference (cancellation of the wave). Interference patterns can be observed when light passes through narrow slits, reflects off surfaces, or encounters various optical components.
On the other hand, the particle model of light considers light as consisting of discrete packets of energy called photons. Photons are considered to be massless particles that travel in straight paths called rays. In this model, photons can be absorbed or emitted by matter, and their interactions can be described using particle-like behavior.
The wave-particle duality of light is a fundamental concept in quantum physics. It states that light can exhibit properties of both waves and particles depending on the experimental setup and the observed phenomenon. In certain situations, light behaves more like a wave, such as when it undergoes interference or diffraction. In other situations, it behaves more like a particle, such as when it interacts with matter as discrete photons.
Regarding the representation of light outside the Cartesian plane, light travels in straight paths unless it encounters a medium interface or experiences diffraction or scattering. The representation of light as a straight ray is a simplification often used in geometric optics, which is a branch of optics that deals with the behavior of light using rays and idealized optical components. This representation holds in many practical scenarios, but in the presence of obstacles, optical systems, or phenomena involving diffraction, the wave nature of light becomes more relevant, and a ray approximation may no longer be sufficient.
In summary, the behavior of light can be described using both wave and particle models. Light waves can undergo interference, while the particle-like photons can travel in straight paths until they interact with matter. The specific behavior of light depends on the experimental conditions and the nature of the phenomenon being observed.