To calculate the average voltage of a square wave with varying amplitudes, you need to take into account the duty cycle, which represents the ratio of the pulse width (duration of the high voltage) to the total period of the square wave. The average voltage can be calculated using the following formula:
Average Voltage = (Duty Cycle × High Voltage) + ((1 - Duty Cycle) × Low Voltage)
In this case, the low voltage is -2V and the high voltage is 4V. Let's assume a duty cycle of 50% (equal high and low durations):
Average Voltage = (0.5 × 4V) + (0.5 × -2V) Average Voltage = 2V - 1V Average Voltage = 1V
So, in this scenario, the average voltage of the square wave would be 1V. It's important to note that the duty cycle and the specific waveform characteristics, such as the rise and fall times, may affect the precise calculation of the average voltage in more complex cases.