When two waves are added together, the result is known as the superposition of waves. The superposition principle states that when multiple waves pass through the same medium at the same time, the resulting displacement of the medium at any point is the algebraic sum of the individual displacements caused by each wave.
In simple terms, the amplitudes (heights) of the two waves add up at each point along the medium, resulting in a new wave pattern. This process is called interference. Interference can be constructive or destructive, depending on whether the waves reinforce or cancel each other out.
Constructive interference occurs when two waves are in phase, meaning their crests and troughs align. In this case, the amplitudes of the waves add up, resulting in a larger amplitude in the combined wave.
Destructive interference occurs when two waves are out of phase, meaning their crests and troughs are misaligned. In this case, the amplitudes of the waves subtract from each other, resulting in a smaller or even zero amplitude in the combined wave.
The addition of waves is mathematical and involves summing the displacements of the waves at each point along the medium. This summing process takes into account the properties of the waves, such as their amplitudes, wavelengths, and phases.
It's important to note that when waves add together, they do not physically combine or merge. Instead, they pass through each other while influencing the resulting pattern of displacement in the medium they are traveling through.