The concept of atomic number is crucial for the synthesis of new elements in the laboratory. Atomic number determines the identity of an element and is equal to the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
To synthesize new elements, scientists typically use particle accelerators to collide atomic nuclei together. By accelerating particles to high speeds and smashing them into target atoms, scientists can create new elements through nuclear reactions. The key to success lies in selecting the appropriate target atoms and collision conditions.
The knowledge of atomic numbers allows scientists to predict the properties and behavior of elements, including their chemical reactivity and stability. Based on the periodic table and the patterns observed among elements, scientists can make educated predictions about the potential properties of undiscovered elements.
By understanding the progression of atomic numbers and the arrangement of elements in the periodic table, scientists can target specific combinations of atomic numbers to guide their synthesis efforts. This approach has led to the creation of synthetic elements, such as elements 113 (nihonium), 114 (flerovium), and 118 (oganesson), among others.
The concept of atomic number, along with the understanding of nuclear reactions and the periodic table, has been instrumental in the pursuit and synthesis of new elements in the laboratory.