Sunlight contains a broad spectrum of wavelengths, encompassing a wide range of colors. It includes not only the visible light wavelengths (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet), but also wavelengths beyond the visible spectrum, such as ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) light.
When sunlight passes through a prism or interacts with water droplets in the atmosphere, it undergoes a phenomenon known as dispersion, which separates the different wavelengths of light and creates a spectrum. This spectrum, known as a rainbow, displays the full range of colors present in sunlight.
The visible spectrum, which represents the colors that the human eye can perceive, spans approximately 400 to 700 nanometers in wavelength. Beyond the visible spectrum, sunlight contains shorter wavelengths of UV light (less than 400 nm) and longer wavelengths of IR light (greater than 700 nm).
So, in summary, sunlight consists of all the colors of the rainbow, including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, as well as ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths.