When an electromagnetic wave interacts with a charged particle, such as an electron, several phenomena can occur depending on the nature of the interaction and the properties of the particle and the wave.
Scattering: The electromagnetic wave can scatter off the charged particle. This occurs when the particle experiences the electric and magnetic fields of the wave and is deflected from its initial path. The scattering can result in a change in the direction and energy of the particle.
Absorption: The charged particle can absorb energy from the electromagnetic wave. The absorption occurs when the particle interacts with the electric field of the wave, gaining energy from it. This absorption can cause the particle to increase its energy level or be excited to a higher energy state.
Emission: If the charged particle is already in an excited state, it can release energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. This emission can occur when the particle transitions from a higher energy state to a lower energy state, and the emitted radiation can have various wavelengths depending on the energy difference.
In terms of attraction or repulsion, the behavior depends on the relative charge of the particle and the electric field of the wave. Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract. Since an electron has a negative charge, it will generally experience a force that opposes the electric field of the incoming wave, resulting in a repulsive force. However, it's important to note that this repulsion is not a direct consequence of the particle being charged but rather a result of the interaction between the particle and the changing electric field of the wave.
It's also worth mentioning that the quantum nature of particles, such as electrons, is crucial when considering their behavior in more detailed scenarios. Quantum mechanics provides a more complete understanding of particle-wave interactions, involving concepts such as wave-particle duality and probability amplitudes, but explaining these aspects in detail goes beyond the scope of this response.