Gravitational waves are not subject to a gravitational or Hubble effect analogous to redshift in the same way that electromagnetic waves are. The redshift of light is caused by the expansion of the universe (Hubble effect) and the gravitational influence of massive objects (gravitational redshift). However, gravitational waves themselves are not affected by the expansion of the universe or gravitational interactions in the same manner.
Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of spacetime caused by the acceleration of massive objects. They propagate at the speed of light and carry energy away from the source. As they travel through space, gravitational waves cause local distortions in spacetime but do not directly interact with other matter or experience redshift due to the expansion of the universe.
Experimentally, the detection and study of gravitational waves have been achieved through the use of advanced interferometric detectors such as the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo. These detectors measure the minuscule changes in the length of their arms caused by passing gravitational waves. The signals observed by these detectors provide information about the source of the gravitational waves, such as the masses and spins of the objects involved.
The detection of gravitational waves from binary black hole and binary neutron star mergers, as well as other astrophysical phenomena, has been consistent with the predictions of general relativity. These detections have confirmed the existence of gravitational waves and provided valuable insights into the nature of compact objects and extreme astrophysical events.
In summary, gravitational waves are not subject to a gravitational or Hubble effect in the same way as electromagnetic waves. Experimental observations of gravitational waves have provided evidence for their existence and have been consistent with the predictions of general relativity.