If a plane is hit by sound waves, several things can happen depending on the characteristics and intensity of the sound waves, as well as the specific design and materials of the plane. Here are a few possibilities:
Sound Transmission: Sound waves are typically longitudinal waves that propagate through a medium, such as air. When sound waves encounter the surface of a plane, they can be transmitted through the material, especially if the plane is not specifically designed to block or absorb sound. In this case, the sound waves will pass through the plane and continue propagating.
Reflection: Sound waves can also be reflected when they encounter a solid object, such as a plane. The extent of reflection depends on various factors, including the angle of incidence, the surface characteristics of the plane, and the frequency of the sound waves. Reflection can redirect the sound waves away from the plane or back in the direction they came from.
Absorption: Some materials used in the construction of planes have the ability to absorb sound waves. When sound waves hit these materials, they are partially or entirely converted into other forms of energy, such as heat. This can help reduce the overall sound level within the plane or prevent excessive vibrations.
Structural Effects: Intense sound waves can induce vibrations in the structure of a plane, especially if the frequency of the sound waves matches the natural frequencies of the plane's components. These vibrations can potentially lead to mechanical stresses, resonance effects, or even structural damage if the sound waves are extremely powerful.
It's important to note that the effects of sound waves on a plane will vary depending on the specific circumstances. Modern aircraft are designed with various considerations in mind, including noise reduction, structural integrity, and aerodynamics, to minimize the impact of sound waves and maintain the safety and performance of the aircraft.