In terms of frequency, the difference between long-distance waves and short-distance waves lies in the range of frequencies they occupy.
Long-distance waves typically refer to radio waves, which are used for long-range communication. Radio waves have relatively low frequencies ranging from kilohertz (kHz) to gigahertz (GHz). They are typically used for broadcasting, wireless communication, radar, and various other applications. Examples of long-distance waves include AM radio waves, FM radio waves, and microwave signals.
Short-distance waves, on the other hand, generally refer to higher-frequency waves used for shorter-range communication or localized applications. These waves often fall within the microwave and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The frequencies of short-distance waves are typically higher than those of long-distance waves. Some examples include Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth signals, infrared signals used in remote controls, and microwave signals used for point-to-point communication.
To summarize, long-distance waves, such as radio waves, have lower frequencies, while short-distance waves, like those used for Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, have higher frequencies. The distinction in frequency range is primarily based on the purpose and range of communication each type of wave is designed for.