The numbers on the periodic table, known as atomic numbers, represent the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of a particular element. Each element has a unique atomic number, which determines its position on the periodic table.
The periodic table is organized in order of increasing atomic number, and elements with similar properties are grouped together. The atomic number of an element also determines its electron configuration and many of its chemical properties. For example, elements with the same number of electrons in their outermost energy level (valence electrons) tend to exhibit similar chemical behavior.
In addition to the atomic number, the periodic table also includes other information such as the element symbol (one or two-letter abbreviation), element name, atomic mass, and sometimes additional properties or values depending on the specific version of the periodic table.