To determine the number of atoms of each element present in a given amount of a substance, you need to use Avogadro's number and the chemical formula of the substance. Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10^23) represents the number of particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in one mole of a substance.
The chemical formula of sulfuric acid is H2SO4, which indicates that it contains 2 hydrogen (H) atoms, 1 sulfur (S) atom, and 4 oxygen (O) atoms.
To find the number of atoms of each element in 4.3 moles of H2SO4, you can use the following steps:
Calculate the total number of molecules of H2SO4 in 4.3 moles: Number of molecules = Number of moles × Avogadro's number Number of molecules = 4.3 mol × 6.022 × 10^23 molecules/mol
Determine the number of atoms for each element based on the chemical formula:
- Hydrogen (H): 2 atoms per molecule, so multiply the number of molecules by 2.
- Sulfur (S): 1 atom per molecule, so multiply the number of molecules by 1.
- Oxygen (O): 4 atoms per molecule, so multiply the number of molecules by 4.
Perform the calculations:
Number of H atoms = 4.3 mol × 6.022 × 10^23 molecules/mol × 2 atoms/molecule Number of S atoms = 4.3 mol × 6.022 × 10^23 molecules/mol × 1 atom/molecule Number of O atoms = 4.3 mol × 6.022 × 10^23 molecules/mol × 4 atoms/molecule
Evaluate each expression to get the final answers.