The statement "The number of electrons in an atom determines the charge of the body" is not entirely accurate. While the number of electrons does play a significant role in determining the overall charge of an atom, it is not the sole factor.
An atom consists of a nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, and electrons that orbit around the nucleus in specific energy levels or orbitals. Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge. Neutrons are electrically neutral, meaning they do not carry a charge.
The charge of an atom is determined by the balance between the number of protons and the number of electrons it contains. In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. This balance of positive and negative charges cancels each other out, resulting in a net charge of zero.
However, if an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion with a net positive or negative charge. When an atom loses electrons, it has more protons than electrons, resulting in a net positive charge. On the other hand, when an atom gains electrons, it has more electrons than protons, resulting in a net negative charge.
So, while the number of electrons does influence the charge of an atom, it is essential to consider the number of protons as well. The overall charge of an atom or a body depends on the relative numbers of protons and electrons it possesses.